A new report by the Center for the Study of Organized Hate (CSOH), a Washington DC-based think tank, documents how blasphemy allegations and mob violence continue to severely impact Pakistan’s religious minorities, particularly Christians in Punjab, who faced a surge in attacks during 2023 and 2024.
Forced conversions, especially of minority women and girls, remain a major concern, according to the report. It also highlighted growing cases of minority men being coerced into Islam under threat of violence.
The report also states that in Pakistan, women from religious minority communities have lower literacy rates than both the national average for women and the literacy rates of men within their own communities.
Among all minorities, Ahmadis are the ones who face some of the harshest persecution. Legally declared non-Muslims, they are barred from practising their faith openly, identifying as Muslim, or using Islamic symbols, making them frequent targets of blasphemy laws and violence.
According to the report, “During 2024, the Ahmadi community endured six targeted faith-based killings, while 2025 has already seen three such killings. In April 2025, an Ahmadi man was lynched by a mob of Tehreek-e-Labaik Pakistan (TLP) supporters who had gathered outside of an Ahmadiyya place of worship in Karachi and were chanting hateful and violent slogans in the lead-up to his murder.”